Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking

by Susan Cain

This readable and insightful book combines scientific research, historical analysis, and personal anecdotes to make a strong case for recognizing, accepting, and nurturing the quieter, or introverted, personalities among us. Cain cites, among dozens of others, Jerome Kagan's studies on temperament, which show how introverted and extroverted traits are biologically rooted in sensitivity to stimuli, and Anders Ericsson's research on expertise and deliberate practice, which emphasizes the importance of sustained, focused, and — most importantly, for this purpose — isolated effort in achieving mastery in any field. Cain highlights this work to counter the myth that extroverted traits like charisma and social dominance are essential for success. She argues that introverts are not anti-social at all, but differently social, and shows how both introverts and extroverts seek out and are supported by different external conditions (in her metaphor, introverts, like orchids, thrive under specific, supportive conditions but falter in the wrong environments). She also points to historical figures such as Rosa Parks and Mahatma Gandhi as examples of introverts who changed the world, emphasizing the power of quiet strength.

I liked this book's clear, firm messaging. Building off the psychological and sociological studies, Cain has advice for work leaders, parents, and teachers. She advises organizations to rethink open-plan offices and team brainstorming sessions, as these often stifle introverts' creativity. She stresses the importance of creating spaces where independent and solo thinking is valued, citing, for example, Steve Wozniak's hours of isolated work in making the home PC. Parents are encouraged to respect their introverted children’s natural tendencies, avoiding over-scheduling and teaching them that their quieter ways are a strength rather than a flaw. For educators, Cain emphasizes the need to avoid bias toward extroverted students in classrooms. I myself have definitely been guilty of advising children to "talk more in class" without trying to reframe any biases. Why see the quiet kid as shy, someone who needs to break out of their comfort zone? Yes, they need to engage in the world, but why not first value their wisdom in analyzing a situation, being reflective, not just leaping in? This is an essential shift in outlook for anyone who wants to nurture confidence in young children. Overall, this book is an inspiring call to embrace the full spectrum of human temperaments, offering practical strategies to empower introverts and build more inclusive environments in homes, schools, and workplaces. 

 four stars

On Beauty

by Zadie Smith
2005

In the college town of Wellington, Massachusetts, two academic families, the Belseys and the Kippses, are ideological and personal opposites whose lives become deeply intertwined. Howard Belsey is a politically liberal professor of art at Wellington College, a white Englishman married to an African-American woman. Their three children — Jerome, Zora, and Levi — grapple with their own identities and conflicts in the face of their parents' tumultuous marriage. Howard, an atheist and iconoclast, has not published recently, and brings chaos to his marriage with infidelity and his outlook which rejects the important or sacred; he seems not at home in the world.  In contrast, Monty Kipps, a British-Caribbean art historian, is conservative, confident, larger than life, popular, and successful.  When the oldest son, Jerome Belsey, becomes romantically involved with Monty's daughter, Victoria, an awkward entanglement of personal, political, and professional conflicts is set in motion. As the story unfolds, and minor characters flit in and out of the families' orbit, the characters confront themes of race, privilege, identity, and fidelity while struggling to reconcile their ideals with the messy realities of life.

The novel draws heavily on its academic setting, portraying the complexities of campus politics, ideological divisions, and personal hypocrisies. It's densely layered yet is a smooth, alluring read, has a mordant wit, and the prose style is beautiful.  It won the Orange Prize, was nominated for the Booker, and ended up on countless Best of the Year lists.  Smith acknowledges an explicit comparison to E.M. Forster's Howard's End in both its plot and its concern with human relationships, but I haven't read that novel, so perhaps I'm missing something.  I very much enjoyed reading it, and I think Smith is an excellent communicator of complex subjects.  I liked especially the critiques of intellectualism's failings regarding the hard realities of the world, and the nuanced depiction of race, especially Kiki's experiences as a non-academic black woman in a white man's academic world.  I was put off, somewhat, by the overstuffed narrative, with its many subplots and secondary characters vying for attention.  I am also the type of reader who seeks some form of closure to be fully satisfied, and this novel, essentially a slice of life, albeit a complex one, begins in media res and ends with all possibilities open.  In sum, this is a masterfully-written work that I enjoyed reading, but upon completing it, I felt a bit let down, as if I'd had a whirlwind dance with someone I can now no longer find.

four stars